In which type of framing construction do the studs extend from the foundation to the roof?

Balloon framing is a construction method where the vertical studs extend continuously from the foundation all the way to the roof structure. This approach allows for a continuous wall, which creates a certain aesthetic while also enabling the framing to support large areas without interruption. It is distinct from other framing methods because the studs do not stop at the floor level; instead, they pass through each floor, minimizing the number of horizontal framing members required.

In contrast, platform framing involves shorter studs that typically only span between individual floor levels, making balloon framing unique in its use of full-length studs. The other types mentioned, like truss and plank and beam, have different methods of supporting structures and layouts that do not provide the same vertical continuity as balloon framing. Hence, the characteristic feature of balloon framing is its continuous vertical studs, which is why it is the correct answer.